A Guide to ADHD and Race in Children & Families
July is BIPOC Mental Health Awareness Month! Here at Little Otter, we recognize all of the cultures within BIPOC communities, their individual and group experiences, and how these relate to their well-being. We’re using the term “BIPOC” to encompass all people and communities of color.
We know that every family is different and sees the world from unique perspectives. We also know that mental health conditions do not discriminate and when one member of the family is struggling, everyone is affected.
The truth is, BIPOC communities are significantly more likely to develop mental health conditions. They also face unique barriers to mental health treatment. That’s why early intervention and raising awareness are so critical.
In honor of BIPOC Mental Health Awareness Month, we’re sharing how race can impact ADHD diagnoses in children and families.
This guidance is rooted in scientific research, and written by our diverse team of child mental health experts. We’re proud to share it with you.
What is ADHD?
ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. There are three different types of ADHD, including what’s described colloquially as ADD. (Today, people sometimes use the term “ADD,” but it’s not a medical diagnosis.) All three kinds can be referred to as ADHD.
As you might guess, this term describes a difficulty with attention, focus, hyperactivity, and/or working memory. Kids living with ADHD tend to be physically active (or “squirmy”), fidgety, impulsive, impatient, and/or full of energy. A child living with ADHD might seem daydreamy, forgetful - and bouncy! You can learn more about the signs of ADHD in children here.
Studies indicate that about 1 in every 20 children live with ADHD; on average, every classroom in America has at least one kid with ADHD.
Challenges with ADHD Diagnoses in BIPOC Children
Research shows that BIPOC children (especially Black and Latinx/Hispanic children) are much less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD or receive treatment than White children. This is true even though they present symptoms at the same rate as their White counterparts.
A study last year in a world-renowned journal Pediatrics showed that Black, Asian, and Latinx/Hispanic children were severely under-diagnosed with ADHD and far less likely to receive ANY treatment.
Diagnosis is critical for ADHD treatment. ADHD treatment, which can include therapy, medications, or both in combination, have been shown to drastically help children with ADHD thrive in school and beyond.
The earlier mental health professionals can identify ADHD and begin treatment, the easier it will be for your kid long-term.
On the other hand, undiagnosed ADHD can lead to difficulties with school, work, and even risky behaviors. That’s why it’s important to acknowledge the disparity in ADHD diagnosis and treatment by race, and work to correct it.
Why Does This Disparity in ADHD Diagnosis by Race Exist?
There are many possible reasons for this disparity, from racial bias in mental health to insurance coverage.
Medical professionals can have their own stigma or biases against Black and Latinx/Hispanic children as well. Research has shown over and over that many medical professionals see difficult behaviors in Black and Latinx/Hispanic children as related to discipline, aggression, or oppositionality. In White children, they see the same behavior as a medical issue that can be diagnosed and treated with therapy or medications.
Tips for Families Navigating ADHD
Families who think their child may have ADHD and want to seek evaluation and support can do a number of things to support their child.
1. Seek comprehensive and quality assessment and evaluation.
Your child’s pediatrician is a great place to start. Little Otter is also available in select states to provide digital mental health care from the comfort of home.
2. Find members of your child’s care team that are culturally sensitive and trauma-informed.
As parents, you know your child best. If you think your child isn’t receiving high quality care, trying asking yourself these questions:
Did my provider communicate effectively with me and my child?
Is my provider willing to integrate my family’s beliefs, practices, identity and cultural background into the treatment plan?
Were my perspectives and insights taken seriously?
Were questions asked openly? Were questions asked based on my race, ethnicity, or culture?
Has this provider given me explanations based on research around any concerns they have about my child?
How Does Little Otter Support Children Living with ADHD?
At Little Otter, our mental health clinicians are experts in cultural awareness and trauma-informed pediatric mental health care. We have a team of diverse clinicians ready to work with your individual child.
Little Otter uses a comprehensive assessment from multiple sources to inform diagnoses for children, which are developed by LO Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, Dr. Helen Egger. Then, we create a personalized treatment plan using a collaborative whole-family approach.
Research indicates that there’s a significant genetic component to ADHD, and it tends to run in families. We can provide ADHD care for both parents and their little ones, since we have board-certified psychiatrists who can treat adults and children.
As your family navigates your child’s unique mental health journey, Little Otter is available for assessment, therapeutic services, and parenting support.
If you’d like additional support for family, we offer parent coaching sessions as well as child and family therapy.
Additional Resources:
All about ADHD [Free Guide] - Little Otter
ADHD Clinicians Must Consider Racial Bias in Evaluation and Treatment of Black Children [Blog] - ADDitude
The Children Left Behind [Blog] - ADDitude
Racial Disparities in Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a US National Birth Cohort [Publication]- JAMA Networks
Does Little Otter Treat ADHD? [Blog] - Little Otter
Mental Health: Overcoming the Stigma of Mental Illness [Blog] - Mayo Clinic
