Life Expectancy is Shorter for Adults Diagnosed with ADHD

A recent study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry revealed an alarming truth about adults diagnosed with ADHD—their life expectancy is significantly shorter than those without ADHD. The study concludes that increased mortality for people with ADHD is likely caused by modifiable risk factors and unmet support and treatment needs in terms of both ADHD and co-occurring mental and physical health conditions. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing the challenges facing people with ADHD and taking proactive steps to improve their health outcomes and overall quality of life.  

The United Kingdom (UK) study examined the outcomes of ~30,000 adults with ADHD to ~30,000 adults without ADHD. Below, we break down the study’s key findings and share actionable steps for parents of children with ADHD and for adults managing the condition.

Key Findings from the Study 

1. Reduced Life Expectancy 

Adults with ADHD were found to have significantly shorter life expectancy. On average, men lose about 6.78 years, while women lose 8.64 years compared to their non-ADHD peers. 

2. Higher Mortality Rates 

Men with ADHD are 1.89 times and women are 2.13 times more likely to die prematurely compared to their non-ADHD counterparts. Co-occurring health conditions, substance use, and risky behaviors contribute to these premature deaths. 

3. Co-occurring Health Conditions 

Adults with ADHD frequently face additional health challenges, including:

• Mental Health: Anxiety, depression, self-harm, personality disorders, and risk of suicide. 
• Physical Health: Diabetes, hypertension, epilepsy, and chronic respiratory illnesses. 
• Lifestyle Factors: Higher tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. 

4. Unmet Needs for Support The study highlights how gaps in ADHD treatment and support systems in the UK exacerbate these health risks, worsening outcomes for individuals.

‍5. Social and Economic Challenges ADHD is also closely linked to academic struggles, unemployment, financial difficulties, and social isolation—all of which can worsen health outcomes and quality of life.

Actionable Tips for Parents of Children with ADHD

‍1. Early Diagnosis and Comprehensive Care 

• Seek a diagnosis early if you notice ADHD symptoms. The sooner you act, the better the long-term outcomes. 
• Work with healthcare professionals to create a personalized treatment plan, including medication, therapy, and educational support. 
• Stay proactive by scheduling regular follow-ups to address your child’s ADHD and any co-existing mental and physical health conditions. 

2. Prioritize Mental Health 

• Be mindful of mental health conditions like anxiety or depression, which are common in children with ADHD. Routine mental health check-ups can help address these issues early. 
• Teach stress management and emotional coping techniques to your child. 

3. Foster Healthy Habits 

• Encourage a lifestyle that includes regular exercise, nutritious meals, and sufficient sleep. These habits not only help manage ADHD symptoms but also improve overall physical and mental well-being. 
• Promote a smoke-free and substance-free lifestyle, as individuals with ADHD are more prone to substance use. 

4. Advocate for Educational and Social Support 

• Make sure that your child is assessed for learning differences and executive function challenges that often co-occur with ADHD.
• Work closely with teachers and your school system to ensure your child receives needed accommodations, such as extended time on exams or tailored learning strategies. 
• Help your child build positive social skills by fostering healthy friendships and reducing feelings of isolation. 

5. Plan for a Smooth Transition to Adulthood 

• Support your child in developing life skills such as time management, organization, and financial literacy. 
• Guide them toward education or vocational paths that suit their strengths and passions. 

Actionable Tips for Adults with ADHD

‍1. Address Co-occurring Conditions 

• Proactively manage co-existing conditions like anxiety or chronic illnesses through regular doctor visits and following treatment plans. 
• If you struggle with substance use or smoking, seek assistance through counseling or treatment programs. 

2. Build a Healthier Lifestyle 

• Adopt and maintain habits like balanced eating, routine exercise, and proper sleep—all of which can significantly alleviate ADHD symptoms. 
• Steer clear of risky behaviors such as excessive drinking or unsafe driving. 

3. Build a Support Network 

• Surround yourself with supportive friends, family, or ADHD-focused groups. Sharing experiences with people who understand your challenges can provide tremendous emotional relief. 
• Consider working with a coach or therapist specializing in ADHD to improve time management, organization, and emotional regulation. 

4. Advocate for Your Needs 

• Don’t hesitate to communicate with your employer about accommodations you may need, such as flexible hours or access to quieter working environments. 
• If faced with discrimination, know your rights and seek professional advice when necessary. 

5. Strengthen Financial and Career Stability 

• Work with a financial advisor to create a plan for budgeting and managing debt, as ADHD can sometimes lead to financial strain. 
• Explore vocational training or career counseling to identify jobs that align with your skills and interests, helping you overcome the social and professional challenges ADHD can present. 

Taking Action to Improve Outcomes

This study highlights the challenges individuals with ADHD face, but it also underscores the potential for meaningful change through early intervention, holistic health management, and lifestyle adjustment.

Both parents and adults with ADHD must advocate for better access to treatment, support systems, and mental health resources. By addressing ADHD’s unique challenges with the right strategies, it’s possible to improve quality of life—and even extend life expectancy.

Little Otter’s whole family approach to mental health care means our therapists, psychiatrists, and parent coaches have extensive experience diagnosing and treating ADHD in both children and their parents. Our evidence-based model ensures that children 0-18 and parents receive high-quality mental health care.

Little Otter services are currently available in California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.

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